Microsoft Source Analysis for C# is known internally within Microsoft as StyleCop and has been used for many years now to help teams enforce a common set of best practices for layout, readability, maintainability, and documentation of C# source code.
Per the Microsoft Source Analysis blog:
"Source Analysis comes with a set of default rules analyzers covering approximately 200 best practice rules. These rules are full compatible with the default layout settings in Visual Studio 2005 and Visual Studio 2008.
Specifically, these rules cover the following, in no particular order:
- Layout of elements, statements, expressions, and query clauses
- Placement of curly brackets, parenthesis, square brackets, etc
- Spacing around keywords and operator symbols
- Line spacing
- Placement of method parameters within method declarations or method calls
- Standard ordering of elements within a class
- Formatting of documentation within element headers and file headers
- Naming of elements, fields and variables
- Use of the built-in types
- Use of access modifiers
- Allowed contents of files
- Debugging text
After installation, Source Analysis can be run from within the Visual Studio IDE, and can also be integrated into MSBuild-based command line builds."
Learn more here.